Urinary　sensing　of　synthetic　biomarkers　that　are　released　into　urine　after　specific　activation　in　an　in　vivo　disease　environment　is　an　emerging　diagnosis　strategy　to　overcome　the　insensitivity　of　a　previous　biomarker　assay.　However,　it　remains　a　great　challenge　to　achieve　sensitive　and　a　specific　urinary　photoluminescence　(PL)　diagnosis.　Herein,　we　report　a　novel　urinary　time-resolved　PL　(TRPL)　diagnosis　strategy　by　exploiting　europium　complexes　of　diethylenetriaminepentaacetic　acid　(Eu-DTPA)　as　synthetic　biomarkers　and　designing　the　activatable　nanoprobes.　Notably,　TRPL　of　Eu-DTPA　in　the　enhancer　can　eliminate　the　urinary　background　PL　for　ultrasensitive　detection.　We　achieved　sensitive　urinary　TRPL　diagnosis　of　mice　kidney　and　liver　injuries　by　using　simple　Eu-DTPA　and　Eu-DTPA-integrated　nanoprobes,　respectively,　which　cannot　be　realized　by　traditional　blood　assays.　This　work　demonstrates　the　exploration　of　lanthanide　nanoprobes　for　in　vivo　disease-activated　urinary　TRPL　diagnosis　for　the　first　time,　which　might　advance　the　noninvasive　diagnosis　of　diverse　diseases　via　tailorable　nanoprobe　designs.　©　2023　American　Chemical　Society.