Straw　incorporation　into　reclaimed　soils　has　been　demonstrated　to　increase　soil　nutrients　and　has　the　potential　to　efficiently　increase　crop　production.　However,　which　incorporation　mode　is　more　helpful　in　the　control　of　antibiotic　resistance　genes　(ARGs)　remains　unknown.　In　this　study,　we　systematically　compared　the　occurrence　of　antibiotic　resistome　in　norfloxacin　contaminated　soils　amended　with　rice　straw　(RS)　and　the　transformation　products,　biochar　(RSB)　and　ash　(RSA).　RS　significantly　promoted　the　degradation　of　norfloxacin　(0.0648　d−1,　3　times　faster　than　control),　whereas　RSB　had　little　effect　and　RSA　hindered　the　degradation.　Based　on　metagenomic　analysis,　RS　and　RSB　significantly　reduced　the　ARGs　relative　abundance　(0.1421　and　0.1991　compared　to　0.2540　in　control)　at　the　end　of　soil　incubation.　Adonis　test　indicated　that　all　of　amendment　treatments　significantly　affect　the　microbial　communities　in　soils,　whereas　only　RS　and　RSB　significantly　affect　the　variation　of　antibiotic　resistome.　Procrustes　analysis　confirmed　the　association　of　microbial　communities　and　ARGs.　Network　analysis　further　revealed　that　the　reduction　in　Actinobacteria　was　the　main　reason　for　the　general　decrease　of　ARGs　relative　abundance　during　soil　incorporation,　whereas　Proteobacteria　and　Bacteroidetes　were　responsible　for　temporary　promotion　of　ARGs　in　RS　and　RSB　at　the　early　stage.　Finally,　scientifically　setting　up　the　usage　of　rice　straw　and　optimizing　the　preparation　process　of　biochar　are　suggested　for　the　synchronous　control　of　the　risk　of　antibiotics　and　ARGs　during　soil　incorporation.　©　2022　Elsevier　Ltd