The　designing　of　efficient　and　stable　electrocatalysts　for　hydrogen　evolution　reaction　(HER)　and　oxygen　evolution　reaction　(OER)　are　vital　for　boosting　the　efficiency　of　overall　water　splitting.　Here,　we　reported　an　original　design　and　synthesis　of　quaternary　non-noble　metal-based　hierarchical　core-shell　structural　nanorods　(Ni2P/NiMoO4　@CoP/FeP2)　by　hydrothermal　reaction,　in-situ　coating　reaction　and　phosphating　processes.　The　unique　core-shell　structures　increased　the　number　of　active　sites,　which　provided　favorable　conditions　for　electrochemical　catalytic　reactions,　and　the　metal　phosphide/metal　oxide　also　speeded　up　the　rate　of　water　splitting.　In　addition,　the　synergistic　effect　between　metal　phosphides　also　optimized　the　electrochemical　catalytic　performance　of　Ni2P/NiMoO4　@CoP/FeP2　in　the　alkaline　solution.　Ni2P/NiMoO4　@CoP/FeP2　displayed　prominent　electrocatalytic　performance　for　HER　and　OER　with　overpotentials　of　105　and　216　mV　at　10　mA　cm−2　and　small　Tafel　slopes　of　74.4　and　77.8　mV　dec−1　in　1.0　M　KOH,　respectively.　When　the　as-prepared　materials　were　loaded　to　the　anode　and　cathode　of　the　two-electrode　overall　water　splitting　device,　only　a　cell　voltage　of　1.56　V　was　required　to　reach　a　current　density　of　10　mA　cm−2　and　the　materials　also　exhibited　good　long-term　stability.　©　2023　Elsevier　B.V.