As　emerging　contaminants,　antineoplastic　drugs　are　widely　used,　but　their　residues　in　water　may　cause　long-term　genotoxicity　to　aquatic　organisms　and　human　beings.　Here,　waste　moxa　ash　was　selected　as　biomass　raw　material　and　modified　by　ball　milling　to　obtain　carbon-based　materials　with　excellent　adsorption　performance,　which　were　used　to　remove　the　antineoplastic　drug　mitoxantrone　(MTX)　from　water.　The　experimental　results　indicate　that　moxa　ash　modified　by　ball　milling　in　hydrogen　peroxide　exhibits　ultrafast　removal　of　MTX　(the　removal　efficiency　reaches　97.66%　in　1　min　and　99.72%　in　30　min).　The　pseudo-second-order　kinetics　and　Freundlich　isotherm　models　accurately　describe　the　MTX　adsorption　process,　and　the　mechanism　of　adsorption　probably　involves　pore　filling,　hydrogen　bond,　p-p　interaction　and　electrostatic　attraction.　Not　only　that,　moxa　ash　also　has　the　ability　to　remove　dyes　such　as　malachite　green　(97.81%)　and　methylene　blue　(99.97%).　In　this　study,　a　simple　and　environmentally　friendly　process　was　used　to　convert　waste　moxa　ash　into　an　effective　MTX　adsorbent,　providing　a　feasible　solution　for　controlling　MTX　pollution　and　identifying　a　circular　and　economic　way　to　reuse　the　waste.