Scientific　evaluation　for　the　efficiency　of　green　low-carbon　innovative　development　(GLID)　has　great　significance　for　promoting　sustainable　development　(SD).　The　connotation　and　composition　of　GLID　were　first　analyzed,　and　GLID　was　regarded　as　a　two-stage　complex　system,　in　which　multi-input　coexists　with　multi-output.　Based　on　the　existing　methods,　an　improved　two-stage　non-cooperative　data　envelopment　analysis　(ITNDEA)　is　further　pro-posed　to　measure　GLID　efficiency　by　taking　30　Chinese　provinces　in　2020　as　cases,　and　the　results　are　finally　compared　with　that　by　two-stage　data　envelopment　analysis　(TDEA)　and　two-stage　non-cooperative　data　envelopment　analysis　(TNDEA).　The　results　show　that:　(1)　ITNDEA　effectively　avoids　the　efficiency　being　overestimated　or　underestimated　and　can　obtain　a　more　objective　and　reasonable　efficiency　value　than　TDEA　and　TNDEA;　(2)　The　main　reason　of　the　low　GLID　efficiency　is　the　imbalance　between　green　technology　innovation　and　carbon　emission;　(3)　Each　policy　goal　has　a　good　effect　on　efficiency　improvement,　but　the　effect　of　the　same　policy　goal　has　regional　difference;　(4)　All　regions/countries　can　improve　SD　level　through　key　breakthrough　mode　and　gradual　breakthrough　mode.　The　results　provide　the　government　with　a　new　idea　and　method　to　formulate　SD　policies.