Air　pollution　caused　by　the　rapid　development　of　industry　has　always　been　a　great　issue　to　the　environment　and　human　being＇s　health.　However,　the　efficient　and　persistent　filtration　to　PM0.3　remains　a　great　challenge.　Herein,　a　self-powered　filter　with　micro-nano　composite　structure　composed　of　polybutanediol　succinate　(PBS)　nanofiber　membrane　and　polyacrylonitrile　(PAN)　nanofiber/polystyrene　(PS)　microfiber　hybrid　mats　was　prepared　by　electrospinning.　The　balance　between　pressure　drop　and　filtration　efficiency　was　achieved　through　the　combination　of　PAN　and　PS.　In　addition,　an　arched　TENG　structure　was　created　using　the　PAN　nanofiber/PS　microfiber　composite　mat　and　PBS　fiber　membrane.　Driven　by　respiration,　the　two　fiber　membranes　with　large　difference　in　electronegativity　achieved　contact　friction　charging　cycles.　The　open-circuit　voltage　of　the　triboelectric　nanogenerator　(TENG)　can　reach　to　about　8　V,　and　thus　the　high　filtration　efficiency　for　particles　was　achieved　by　the　electrostatic　capturing.　After　contact　charging,　the　filtration　efficiency　of　the　fiber　membrane　for　PM0.3　can　reach　more　than　98%　in　harsh　environments　with　a　PM2.5　mass　concentration　of　23,000　mu　g/m(3),　and　the　pressure　drop　is　about　50　Pa,　which　doesn＇t　affect　people＇s　normal　breathing.　Meanwhile,　the　TENG　can　realize　self-powered　supply　by　continuously　contacting　and　separating　the　fiber　membrane　driven　by　respiration,　which　can　ensure　the　long-term　stability　of　filtration　efficiency.　The　filter　mask　can　maintain　a　high　filtration　efficiency　(99.4%)　of　PM0.3　for　48　consecutive　hours　in　daily　environments.