Carbon　neutrality　is　one　of　the　most　urgent　global　missions　and　has　promoted　the　development　of　clean　and　renewable　energy　sources.　Sustainable　photovoltaic　cells　have　become　ideal　candidates　for　green　energy　harvesting　owing　to　their　high　power　conversion　efficiencies　and　low　production　costs,　which　can　efficiently　reduce　the　carbon　emissions.　In　recent　years,　with　the　increasing　advancements　in　wearable　electronics,　flexible　photovoltaic　textile　devices　have　been　regarded　as　the　most　promising　energy　resources　for　Internet　of　Things.　Accordingly,　herein,　an　up-to-date　account　of　the　recent　advancements　in　modern　textile-based　solar　cells　(i.e.,　organic,　perovskite,　and　dye-sensitized　solar　cells)　based　on　both　fibers　and　fabrics　for　highly　effective　harvesting　of　solar　energy　is　provided,　and　their　fundamental　designs　and　optimization　strategies　are　comprehensively　reviewed.　This　review　emphasizes　the　unique　characteristics,　underlying　mechanisms　and　potential　applications　of　textile-based　solar　cells.　Moreover,　a　modern　perspective　on　both　challenges　and　opportunities　in　the　advancements　of　the　interesting　textile-based　solar　cells　embedded　in　wearable　devices　is　elucidated.　This　review　offers　new　insights　into　advanced　energy　technologies　and　smart　wearable　devices　that　would　facilitate　multidisciplinary　integration　of　basic　science,　device　engineering,　industrial　applications,　and　other　scientific　domains.　©　2023　Wiley-VCH　GmbH.