When　taking　images　under　low　illumination　conditions,　the　obtained　images　are　usually　affected　by　low　visibility.　The　low　visibility　and　low　brightness　image　not　only　affect　the　visual　effect,　but　also　causes　many　difficulties　for　subsequent　use.　In　this　paper,　an　improved　adaptive　image　enhancement　algorithm　based　on　SSA　is　proposed,　first　adjusts　the　parameter　value　of　the　normalized　incomplete　beta　function　to　fit　four　types　of　typical　grayscale　transformation　function　curves,　then　use　the　intelligent　optimization　algorithm　with　strong　optimization　ability　and　fast　convergence　speed,　namely　sparrow　search　algorithm,　to　dynamically　determine　the　best　transformation　parameters　α　and　β,　thus　quickly　realize　adaptive　image　enhancement.　The　algorithm　is　highly　adaptive　and　the　convergence　speed　is　accelerated　by　the　sparrow　search　algorithm.　Additionally,　the　image　gray　coverage　is　wide　and　the　enhancement　quality　evaluation　is　significantly　improved.　　©　2023　IEEE.