Objective:　We　retrospectively　studied　cancer　mortality　and　incidence　in　China　from　1990　to　2019,　investigated　the　cancer　trends　and　risk　factors,　and　analyzed　the　effects　of　Gross　Domestic　Product　(GDP)　on　cancer　mortality　and　incidence.　Methods:　Data　was　obtained　in　＂Our　world　in　data＂　in　October　2022　to　explore　mortality　rates　of　different　cancers　and　their　trends　and　the　roles　of　cancer　risk　factors,　including　GDP,　air　pollution,　etc.　Results:　Over　the　past　30　years,　cancer　had　been　China＇s　second　leading　cause　of　death.　Tracheal,　bronchial,　and　lung　cancers,　with　an　annual　growth　rate　of　6.5%,　were　the　most　frequently　diagnosed　cancers.　The　burden　of　different　cancers　changed　as　the　mortality　rate　of　cancer　changed.　The　age-standardized　cancer　mortality　rate　had　decreased　by　19.0%;　cancer　deaths　in　all　age　groups　had　increased.　While　the　number　of　cancer　deaths　in　the　elderly　aged　≥70　did　not　increase　distinctively,　its　percentage　increased　by　52.1%　and　1.7%　annually.　The　percentage　of　patients　with　new-onset　cancer　increased　by　240%　and　8.6%　annually.　For　every　USD　1,000　increase　in　GDP,　cancer　deaths　decreased　by　2.3/100,000.　Tobacco,　meat,　and　alcohol　consumption　and　BMI　had　increased　and　were　not　conducive　to　the　future　control　of　cancer.　Conclusions:　We　summarized　the　incidence　and　mortality　of　major　cancers　and　their　trends　in　China　over　the　past　30　years　and　analyzed　the　effects　of　GDP　and　the　roles　of　cancer　risk　factors.　Overall　GDP　growth　and　effective　control　of　air　pollution　reduced　cancer　mortality,　while　population　aging,　smoking,　alcohol　consumption,　BMI　increasing,　and　meat　consumption　brought　challenges　for　cancer　control.　©　The　author(s).　This　is　an　open　access　article　distributed　under　the　terms　of　the　Creative　Commons　Attribution　License　(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).　See　http://ivyspring.com/terms　for　full　terms　and　conditions.