The　environmental　issue　of　lead　(Pb),　cadmium　(Cd),　and　tetracycline　(TC)　contamination　in　cereal　crops　has　become　a　growing　concern　worldwide.　An　in-depth　understanding　of　this　issue　would　be　of　importance　to　promote　effective　management　strategies　for　heavy　metals　and　antibiotics　worldwide.　The　present　study　was　conducted　to　assess　the　toxic　effects　of　heavy　metals　(Cd,　Pb)　and　antibiotics　(TC)　on　Triticum　aestivum　(T.　aestivum,　common　wheat)　based　on　studies　conducted　in　the　past　22　years.　Data　pertaining　to　the　growth　and　development　of　T.　aestivum　were　extracted　and　analyzed　from　89　publications　spanning　from　2000　to　2022.　Our　results　showed　that　Pb,　Cd　and　TC　significantly　reduced　growth　and　development　by　11　%,　9　%,　and　5　%,　respectively.　Additionally,　significant　accumulation　of　Cd　(42　%)　and　Pb　(17　%)　was　observed　in　T.　aestivum　samples,　although　there　was　little　change　in　TC　accumulation,　which　showed　limited　absorption,　accumulation,　and　translocation　of　TC　in　wheat　plants.　Pb　had　the　greatest　impact　on　the　yield　of　T.　aestivum,　followed　by　Cd,　while　TC　had　no　apparent　effect.　Furthermore,　exposure　to　Cd,　Pb　and　TC　reduced　the　photosynthetic　rate　due　to　chlorophyll　reduction,　with　Cd　having　the　most　pronounced　effect　(58　%),　followed　by　Pb　(37　%)　and　TC　(8　%).　Cd　exposure　also　significantly　enhanced　gaseous　exchange　(37　%)　compared　to　TC　and　Pb,　which　reduced　gaseous　exchange　by　4　%　and　10　%,　respectively.　However,　the　treatments　with　TC　(＞50–100　mgL−1),　Pb　(＞1000–2000　mg　L−1)　and　Cd　(＞500–1000　mg　L−1)　increased　the　defense　system　of　T.　aestivum　samples　by　38　%,　15　%,　and　11　%,　respectively.　The　obtained　findings　have　significant　implications　for　risk　assessment,　pollution　prevention,　and　remediation　strategies　to　address　soil　contamination　from　Pb,　Cd　and　TC　in　farmland.　©　2023