Chapter　5　surveys　the　recent　advances　and　forthcoming　challenges　in　aromatics　(mainly　BTX)　preparation　from　light　hydrocarbons.　The　chapter　first　summarizes　the　development　history　of　commercial　processes　and　emerging　methods,　and　introduces　the　brief　principle　of　light　hydrocarbon　dehydroaromatization.　Then,　according　to　the　carbon　number　of　raw　materials,　the　chapter　reviews　the　reaction　mechanism　and　catalyst　system　of　BTX　preparation　from　various　light　hydrocarbons.　Two　special　sections　are　devoted　to　a　brief　comparison　between　Zn/HZSM-5　and　Ga/HZSM-5　and　the　deactivation　of　zeolite　and　metal–zeolite　catalysts　used　for　aromatization.　The　chapter　is　concluded　with　a　summary　of　the　research　status　and　a　general　outlook　of　challenges　in　BTX　preparation　from　light　hydrocarbons.　©　2023　WILEY-VCH　Verlag　GmbH,　Boschstr.　12,　69469　Weinheim,　Germany