ObjectivesThis　study　aimed　to　investigate　the　moderating　role　of　sexual　attitudes　in　the　association　between　online　sexual　activity　(OSA)　and　problematic　pornography　use　(PPU)　in　the　Chinese　context.　Specifically,　we　examined　whether　incongruence　stemming　from　attitudes　(i.e.,　disapproval　of　nonmarital　and　casual　sex　but　engaging　in　OSA)　amplifies　the　perception　of　PPU.MethodsWe　recruited　two　samples　of　Chinese　men,　one　from　the　community　(N1　=　525)　and　the　other　comprising　help-seeking　individuals　(N2　=　578).ResultsSexual　attitudes　moderate　the　relationship　between　OSA　and　PPU　in　both　samples,　with　the　predictive　influence　of　OSA　on　PPU　weakening　among　individuals　with　a　relatively　permissive　attitude　(scored　one　SD　above　the　mean　of　sexual　attitudes),　and　strengthened　among　individuals　with　a　relatively　conservative　attitude　(scored　one　SD　below　the　mean　of　sexual　attitudes).ConclusionsIn　the　conservative　sexual　cultural　context　of　China,　a　relatively　conservative　sexual　attitude　might　strengthen　the　association　between　OSA　and　PPU.