The　compounds　that　promote　calcium　absorption　and　osteogenesis　may　have　great　potential　in　controlling　adipogenesis　and　obesity.　In　this　study,　the　glycosylated　peptides–calcium　chelate　prepared　from　Crimson　Snapper　scale　protein　hydrolysates　(CSPHs)　and　xylooligosaccharide　(XOS)　via　transglutaminase　pathway　with　calcium　absorption　promoting　and　osteogenic　activities,　named　XOS-CSPHs-Ca-TG,　were　used　to　explore　the　potential　prebiotic　effect　and　lipid-lowering　activity　on　3T3-L1　cells.　The　presence　of　XOS-CSPHs-Ca-TG　in　pure　cultures　could　significantly　promote　the　proliferation　of　probiotics　(Bifidobacterium　adolescentis　and　Lactobacillus　acidophilus),　enabling　them　to　enter　the　logarithmic　growth　phase　2–4 h　earlier.　Results　of　in　vitro　fermentation　of　mice　intestinal　flora　further　indicated　that　XOS-CSPHs-Ca-TG　increased　the　number　of　beneficial　bacteria　such　as　Bifidobacterium　and　Lactobacillus　by　11.57%　and　7.63%,　respectively,　and　boosted　the　production　of　short-chain　fatty　acids,　thereby　improving　the　colonization　ability　of　the　intestinal　microbiota.　Results　of　quantitative　real-time　polymerase　chain　reaction　confirmed　that　XOS-CSPHs-Ca-TG　achieved　lipid-lowering　effects　by　accelerating　calcium　influx　and　activating　the　mitogen-activated　protein　kinase/extracellular　signal-regulated　kinases　signaling　pathway,　thereby　inhibiting　the　gene　expressions　of　the　downstream　peroxisome　proliferator-activated　receptors　γ　and　CCAAT/enhancer-binding　protein　α,　and　further　attenuating　the　secretion　of　adipokines　and　controlling　the　expression　of　key　lipases.　These　results　suggest　that　glycosylated　peptides–calcium　chelates　are　potentially　functional　foods　in　lipid　metabolism-related　disease　prevention.　©　2023　The　Authors.　Food　Frontiers　published　by　Nanchang　University,　Northwest　University,　Jiangsu　University,　Zhejiang　University,　Fujian　Agriculture　and　Forestry　University　and　John　Wiley　&　Sons　Australia,　Ltd.