Impact　injuries　and　fire　risks　generally　coexist　simultaneously　in　extreme　environments.　In　this　context,　it　is　of　great　necessity　to　design　impact　resistant　materials　with　both　flame　retardant　performance　and　thermal　stability.　Here,　a　multi-functional　flame　retardant　coating　was　prepared　from　the　combination　of　silica　sol　(Si-sol),　phytic　acid　(PA)　and　expandable　graphite　(EG)　by　graft　modification　with　gamma-propyl-trimethoxysilane　(KH550).　Subsequently,　hierarchical　composites　were　fabricated　using　one-pot　foaming　and　brush　coating　method,　where　the　carbon　fiber　cloth　and　coating　served　as　the　surface　layer,　while　rigid　polyurethane　foams　(RPUF)　acted　as　the　interlayer.　The　hierarchical　structure　endowed　the　RPUF　composites　with　high　compression　resistance　and　impact　resistance　properties.　Furthermore,　the　flame　retardant　coating　could　effectively　reduce　the　values　of　peak　heat　release　rate　and　peak　smoke　production　rate　of　RPUF　composites　by　77.5%　and　81.8%,　respectively.　Therefore,　these　RPUF　composites　can　effectively　prevent　impact　damage　and　achieve　excellent　flame　retardancy,　making　them　promising　candidates　as　safety　protective　materials.