New　urbanization　includes　the　basic　characteristics　of　urban-rural　coordination,　urban-rural　integration,　industrial　interaction,　conservation　and　intensiveness,　ecological　livability,　and　harmonious　development.　It　is　mainly　manifested　in　terms　of　population,　economy,　land,　society,　and　ecology.　This　study　constructed　a　comprehensive　evaluation　index　system　from　five　factors,　i.e.,　population　urbanization,　economic　urbanization,　land　urbanization,　social　urbanization,　and　ecological　civilization,　to　reveal　the　quality　of　new　urbanization　in　provincial　capitals　of　western　China　and　determine　its　development　trend.　For　this,　the　comprehensive　scores　of　new　urbanization　of　provincial　capitals　in　western　China　and　the　scores　of　each　factor　layer　in　each　city　from　2005　to　2019　were　calculated　by　means　of　entropy　and　weighted　summation　method.　The　Q-type　cluster　analysis　method　and　partial　correlation　analysis　method　were　used　to　calculate　the　comprehensive　level,　single　item　level,　and　single　item　level　correlation　of　new　urbanization　in　provincial　capitals　of　western　China.　The　analyses　revealed　the　following　results:　(1)　New　urbanization　in　different　cities　has　different　and　unstable　development　levels,　and　the　construction　of　new　urbanization　is　still　in　the　exploratory　stage.　The　development　imbalance　within　and　among　the　three　regions　is　prominent;　the　cities’comprehensive　scores　of　new　urbanization　in　the　northwest　region　are　far　behind　the　southwest　region　and　the　middle　reaches　of　the　Yellow　River.　(2)　Provincial　capitals　of　western　China　have　a　weak　attraction　for　talents.　The　economic　level　and　social　development　show　great　differences,　indicating　that　the　quality　of　life　of　the　residents　needs　to　be　improved.　(3)　Economy　and　ecology　have　achieved　coordinated　development;　however,　other　single　urbanization　factors　exhibit　imbalances.　Cities　should　use　land　more　economically　and　intensively　since　land　urbanization　is　faster　than　population　urbanization.　Based　on　the　above　conclusions,　related　recommendations　are　also　presented.　The　findings　of　this　study　can　contribute　to　the　development　of　new　urbanization　in　western　China.　©　2023　Science　China　Press.　All　rights　reserved.