In　this　study,　the　influence　of　high　concentration　of　iron　on　the　nutrient　removal,　membrane　fouling　and　microbial　diversity　of　membrane　bioreactor　for　wastewater　treatment　were　systematically　investigated.　Moreover,　the　potential　of　phosphorus　recovery　in　the　form　of　vivianite　was　assessed　after　the　long-term　operation.　The　results　show　that　TP　concentration　in　effluent　was　decreased　to　1.07　+/-　0.47　mg/L　(without　Fe　addition),　0.41　+/-　0.23　mg/L　(Fe/P　=　2),　0.20　+/-　0.12　mg/L　(Fe/P　=　4).　Compared　with　control　group,　the　TN　concentration　in　effluent　was　higher　at　the　high　concentration　of　iron,　which　was　due　to　the　decreased　nitrite-oxidizing　bacteria　(NOB)　by　microbial　population　analysis.　Membrane　fouling　was　alleviated　by　enlarging　floc　size　and　reducing　supernatant　COD　via　adding　iron.　Besides,　it　was　detected　that　the　amorphous　ferric　oxide　and　Fe(III)　bound　phosphorus　were　the　main　Fe　and　P　speciation　and　vivanite　(ca.　29　%).　The　anaerobic　environment　was　conducive　to　the　formation　of　vivianite　and　the　phosphorus　recovery　as　vivanite　was　recommended　based　on　the　results　of　current　study.