Abdominal　and　intrauterine　adhesions　are　common　postoperative　problems　that　can　cause　serious　complications.　Current　adhesives　are　usually　double　sided　and　suffer　from　poor　wet　adhesion,　nondegradability,　and　monofunctionality,　which　limits　their　application　in　preventing　postoperative　adhesions.　Herein,　a　bioinspired　microstructured　Janus　bioadhesive,　named　OD/GM@PG,　with　a　wet　adhesive　inner　layer　and　an　antiadhesive　outer　layer　is　prepared　by　combining　electrostatic　spun　and　adhesive　materials.　By　using　both　capillary　suction　and　a　catechol-based　strategy,　the　wet　adhesive　strength　and　interfacial　toughness　of　the　Janus　bioadhesive　reach　98 kPa　and　325　J　m−2,　respectively,　which　are　much　higher　than　those　of　commercial　fibrin　glues　and　cyanoacrylate　glues.　The　electrostatic　spun　outer　layer　acts　as　a　physical　barrier　with　antiadhesive　and　friction-reducing　effects.　Additionally,　the　Janus　bioadhesive　demonstrates　biodegradable,　hemostatic,　antioxidative,　anti-inflammatory,　and　prohealing　properties.　In　vivo　results　show　that　the　asymmetric　adhesion　effect　of　the　Janus　bioadhesive　effectively　preventing　postoperative　abdominal　and　intrauterine　adhesions.　Notably,　tandem　mass　tags-labeled　quantitative　proteomics　analysis　demonstrate　that　the　expression　of　inflammatory　response-associated　proteins　(S100A8,　S100A9)　is　associated　with　adhesion;　the　Janus　bioadhesive　significantly　downregulates　this　expression.　Therefore,　the　OD/GM@PG　Janus　bioadhesive　is　a　promising　candidate　for　preventing　postoperative　adhesions.　©　2024　Wiley-VCH　GmbH.