Organ　transplantation　is　the　optimal　treatment　for　patients　with　end-stage　organ　failure,　but　which　faces　the　challenge　of　donor　shortage.　Two-dimensional　cell　culture　and　animal　experiments　are　difficult　to　completely　simulate　the　complex　cellular　microenvironment　for　drug　testing.　Three-dimensional　(3D)　bioprinting　is　an　emerging　manufacturing　technology　to　fabricate　artificial　tissues　and　organs　for　transplantation　and　drug　screening.　This　review　first　describes　the　bioprinting　technologies　used　to　fabricate　constructs,　including　jetting-based,　extrusion-based,　vat　photopolymerization-based　methods　and　other　emerging　3D　bioprinting　approaches.　The　various　kinds　of　bioinks,　cell　sources,　and　the　most　recent　applications　of　3D　bioprinting　tissues　and　organs　in　transplantation　and　drug　testing　are　subsequently　summarized.　Finally,　we　discuss　the　challenges　and　prospects　of　3D　bioprinting　of　tissues　and　organs.　This　review　aims　to　facilitate　the　overcoming　of　the　obstacles　identified　on　the　challenging　journey　towards　the　manufacturing　and　adoption　of　tissue　and　organs　in　transplantation　and　drug　screening.　©　2024　The　Author(s).　Published　by　Informa　UK　Limited,　trading　as　Taylor　&　Francis　Group.