Neuromorphic　visual　systems　can　emulate　biological　retinal　systems　to　perceive　visual　information　under　different　levels　of　illumination,　making　them　have　considerable　potential　for　future　intelligent　vehicles　and　vision　automation.　However,　the　complex　circuits　and　high　operating　voltages　of　conventional　artificial　vision　systems　present　great　challenges　for　device　integration　and　power　consumption.　Here,　bioinspired　synaptic　transistors　based　on　organic　single　crystal　phototransistors　are　reported,　which　exhibit　excitation　and　inhibition　synaptic　plasticity　with　time-varying.　By　manipulating　the　charge　dynamics　of　the　trapping　centers　of　organic　crystal–electret　vertical　stacks,　organic　transistors　can　operate　below　1 V　with　record　high　on/off　ratios　close　to　108　and　sharp　switching　with　a　subthreshold　swing　of　59.8 mV　dec−1.　Moreover,　the　approach　offers　visual　adaptation　with　highly　localized　modulation　and　over　98.2%　recognition　accuracy　under　different　illumination　levels.　These　bioinspired　visual　adaptation　transistors　offer　great　potential　for　simplifying　the　circuitry　of　artificial　vision　systems　and　will　contribute　to　the　development　of　machine　vision　applications.　©　2024　Wiley-VCH　GmbH.