As　a　cost-effective　alternative　to　Pt-based　catalysts,　molybdenum　carbide　(MoC)　exhibits　considerable　potential　for　catalysing　hydrogen　evolution　reaction　(HER)　in　both　alkaline　water　electrolyzers　and　proton　exchange　membrane　water　electrolyzers.　However,　achieving　ampere-level　current　densities　at　low　overpotentials　remains　challenging　for　MoC-based　electrocatalysts.　In　this　study,　we　utilized　electrospinning　technology　followed　by　a　subsequent　heat　treatment　to　successfully　synthesize　monodisperse　MoC　nanoparticles　(approximately　4.3　nm)　embedded　in　carbon　nanofibers.　The　resultant　self-supporting　one-dimensional　molybdenum　carbide@nitrogen-doped　carbon　nanofiber　(MoC-A@NCNF),　prepared　with　polyoxometalate　anion　(POM)　and　polyvinylpyrrolidone　(PVP),　exhibits　excellent　anti-aggregation　behavior.　Benefiting　from　its　high　specific　surface　area　and　one-dimensional　conductive　network　structure,　the　MoC-A@NCNF　displays　outstanding　hydrogen　evolution　reaction　(HER)　performance　in　both　1　M　KOH　and　0.5　M　H2SO4,　achieving　overpotentials　of　491　mV　and　568　mV　at　a　current　density　of　1　A　cm−2,　respectively.　Furthermore,　it　exhibits　exceptional　electrochemical　stability　during　prolonged　HER　testing　under　both　acidic　and　alkaline　conditions.　©　2024