Cyclodextrins　(CDs)　are　ubiquitous　excipients,　constituted　of　cyclic　glucopyranose　units,　and　possess　a　unique　dual　nature,　that　of　a　hydrophobic　interior　and　a　hydrophilic　exterior.　This　enables　their　interaction　with　lipid-affinitive　compounds　and　hydrophilic　compounds,　thereby　augmenting　their　application　in　pharmaceutical　formulations　as　agents　for　improving　solubility,　as　well　as　fundamental　elements　of　advanced　drug　delivery　systems.　Additionally,　CDs,　upon　suitable　modification,　can　strategically　participate　in　the　interaction　with　cellular　components　and　physical　barriers,　such　as　the　blood–brain　barrier,　where　their　intricate　and　multifunctional　engagement　leads　to　various　biological　impacts.　This　review　consolidates　the　crucial　features　of　CDs　and　their　derivatives,　and　summarizes　the　applications　of　them　as　drug　delivery　systems　in　neurodegenerative　disorders,　emphasizing　their　notable　potentials.　©　2024　by　the　authors.