Herein,　we　present　the　synthesis　and　characterization　of　a　novel　phosphorus-containing　epoxy　co-curing　agent,　ANVD,　fabricated　via　a　one-pot　method　utilizing　vanillin,　1,5-diaminonaphthalene,　and　DOPO　as　raw　materials.　Structural　analysis　conducted　through　FTIR　and　NMR　spectroscopy　confirmed　the　composition　of　ANVD.　Differential　scanning　calorimetry　(DSC)　results　indicated　ANVD　has　significant　contribution　to　the　curing　crosslinking　of　DGEBA,　resulting　in　a　slightly　decreased　Tg　value　for　EP/ANVD　compared　to　EP/DOPO,　albeit　still　notably　higher.　Thermogravimetric　analysis　(TGA)　revealed　a　reduction　in　the　T5%　and　Tmax　values　of　EP/ANVD,　yet　ANVD＇s　superior　char-forming　ability　increased　char　residue　mass　at　elevated　temperatures.　Combustion　tests　showcased　the　outstanding　flame　retardancy　of　EP/ANVD,　with　EP/ANVD-5　exhibiting　a　limiting　oxygen　index　(LOI)　value　of　33.2　%　and　achieving　a　V-0　rating　in　the　UL-94　test.　Furthermore,　EP/ANVD-5　displayed　a　notable　decrease　of　38.6　%　and　32.1　%　in　pHRR　and　av-HRR,　respectively,　compared　to　pure　EP,　surpassing　EP/DOPO　with　equivalent　phosphorus　content.　Analysis　of　decomposition　products　in　both　condensed　and　gas　phases　revealed　ANVD＇s　role　in　forming　dense　and　continuous　expanded　char　layers　during　combustion,　releasing　phosphorus　radicals　and　non-combustible　gases,　thus　exhibiting　dual-phase　flame　retardant　effects.　Additionally,　EP/ANVD-3　exhibited　enhanced　mechanical　properties,　with　tensile　strength　and　modulus　increasing　from　68.5　MPa　and　0.75　GPa　to　76.5　MPa　and　0.86　GPa,　respectively,　compared　to　pure　EP.　Overall,　the　introduction　of　the　bio-based　flame　retardant　ANVD　presents　promising　opportunities　for　the　utilization　of　bio-based　materials　in　flame　retardancy　applications.　©　2024　The　Korean　Society　of　Industrial　and　Engineering　Chemistry