Under　severe　work　conditions,　mechanical　parts　made　of　beryllium-copper　alloy　may　undergo　fatigue　failure,　which　seriously　affects　the　overall　service　life　of　the　equipment.　Therefore,　improving　the　fatigue　resistance　of　such　kind　of　alloys　is　of　great　significance　for　their　engineering　application.　In　this　research,　C17200　beryllium-copper　alloy　was　surface　strengthened　by　means　of　a　self-designed　surface　mechanical　rolling　treatment　(SMRT)　device.　The　fatigue　behavior　before　and　after　SMRT　was　investigated　using　a　ball-on-rod　rolling　contact　fatigue　(RCF)　machine,　and　surface　failure　mechanisms　were　analyzed.　It　was　found　that　the　RCF　resistance　of　the　untreated　C17200　alloy　was　weakened　with　the　increase　in　the　maximum　Hertzian　contact　stress　(sigma　max).　After　surface　treatment,　C17200　alloy　exhibited　superior　RCF　resistance　subjected　to　SMRT　with　a　static　rolling　force　of　200　N.　But　among　the　specimens　treated　by　SMRT,　the　RCF　resistance　of　beryllium-copper　alloys　was　weakened　with　the　increase　in　the　SMRT　static　rolling　force.　The　RCF　life　of　specimens　treated　by　SMRT　with　a　force　of　400　N　is　similar　to　that　of　untreated　specimens,　while　the　RCF　lives　of　specimens　treated　by　SMRT　with　a　force　of　735　and　980　N　are　even　lower　than　that　of　untreated　specimens.　Thus,　applying　the　appropriate　static　rolling　force　during　SMRT　can　improve　the　surface　quality　and　compressive　residual　stress,　as　well　as　enhance　the　fatigue　resistance　of　C17200　alloys.