Based　on　dispersing　the　stacking　structure　of　asphaltenes　and　inhibiting　the　reaggregation　of　asphaltenes,　functional　chitosan　oligosaccharide　(COS)　derivatives　were　prepared　using　COS　in　this　study.　Driven　by　the　conjugated　intercalation　of　aromatic　rings,　COS　derivatives　could　move　among　the　lamellae　of　asphaltene　stacked　structures.　The　effect　of　COS　derivatives　on　asphaltene　aggregates　for　face-to-face　stacking　and　the　inner　diameter　of　the　aromatic　sheet　was　characterized　by　X-ray　diffraction　and　Raman.　The　microstructure　of　asphaltene　in　this　mode　of　interaction　could　be　observed　by　field　emission　scanning　electron　microscopy　and　high-resolution　transmission　electron　microscopy.　The　effect　of　COS　derivatives　on　the　stacking　structure　and　aggregation　behavior　of　asphaltenes　could　enhance　the　fluidity　of　heavy　oil,　resulting　in　a　change　in　the　viscosity-temperature　curve　of　heavy　oil.　This　demonstrates　the　enormous　research　value　of　COS　derivatives　in　the　extraction　and　transportation　of　heavy　oil.