Oil　leakage　and　discharge　of　organic　wastewater　have　not　only　threatened　the　ecosystem,　but　also　greatly　aggravated　water　scarcity.　Efficient　separation　of　oil–water　mixture　has　become　a　global　challenge.　To　solve　this　issue,　various　hydrophobic　membranes　with　special　wettability　have　been　developed　in　past　decades.　Among　them,　the　hydrophobic　silicone-modified　membranes　have　attracted　much　attention　due　to　their　low　cost,　easy　processing　and　large-scale　production.　Herein,　recent　progresses　of　hydrophobic　silicone-modified　membranes　for　oil–water　separation　are　reviewed.　Basic　mechanisms　and　principles　for　efficient　oil–water　separation　are　presented　as　a　starting　point　for　the　discussion.　Then,　according　to　the　modified　silicone　polymers　or　molecules,　we　give　a　detail　description　of　their　synthesis　and　briefly　introduce　the　main　reactions　with　the　substrate,　the　typical　grafting　strategy　and　fabricating　methods.　Subsequently,　the　performance　and　oil–water　application　of　various　hydrophobic　membranes　modified　silicone　are　introduced.　Finally,　some　problems　and　challenges　faced　by　silicone　modification　are　summarized　and　present,　and　their　future　development　is　also　prospected.　©　2024　Elsevier　B.V.