Halide　perovskite　solar　cells　(PSCs)　have　shown　remarkable　power　conversion　efficiencies.　However,　the　inherent　defect　issues　of　perovskite　materials　still　limit　their　performance　and　long-term　stability,　resulting　in　lifespans　far　from　commercial　standards.　With　their　noninvasive　approach　to　probing　the　electronic　and　vibrational　properties　of　materials,　spectroscopic　techniques　have　become　crucial　tools　for　uncovering　and　understanding　defect　states　and　complex　charge　carrier　dynamics　in　halide　perovskites.　This　review　explores　the　application　of　various　advanced　spectroscopic　techniques　in　PSCs　to　elucidate　the　complex　behaviors　of　charge　carriers　within　PSCs.　These　techniques　reveal　detailed　temporal　and　spatial　distributions　of　charge　carriers,　enabling　precise　analysis　of　defect　impacts　and　interfacial　charge　transfer　processes.　By　integrating　spectroscopic　data,　it　is　possible　to　more　accurately　identify　and　mitigate　defect-induced　nonradiative　recombination　and　charge　transfer,　thereby　enhancing　the　stability　and　efficiency　of　PSCs.　This　comprehensive　spectroscopic　understanding　is　crucial　for　developing　innovative　technologies　to　accelerate　the　commercial　viability　of　PSCs.