Permeable　reactive　barriers　(PRBs)　show　great　potential　for　remediating　groundwater　polluted　by　leachate　from　municipal　solid　waste　landfills　(MSWLs).　In　this　study,　we　conducted　a　series　of　batch　tests　to　investigate　the　effects　of　environmental　factors　(e.g.,　temperature,　pollutant　concentration,　and　pH　in　groundwater)　and　the　composition　of　PRB　materials　(i.e.,　Fe　and　zeolite)　on　fulvic　acid　(FA)　removal　and　also　simulated　PRB　filled　with　different　composition　to　investigate　its　effectiveness.　The　response　surface　method　(RSM)　was　applied　to　optimize　experimental　conditions　for　single-　and　double-stage　adsorption/desorption　processes.　Experimental　findings　demonstrated　that　an　adsorbent　mixture　of　2.900　g　Fe　and　1.505　g　zeolite　achieved　the　highest　adsorption　efficiency　of　67.22　%　among　four　tested　combinations.　The　double-stage　adsorption　process　significantly　enhances　the　FA　removal　efficiency　compared　to　the　single-stage　process.　Field-scale　simulations　indicated　that　the　1.0-m　thick　PRB　developed　in　this　study　may　achieve　an　FA　adsorption　efficiency　of　67.31　%.　Moreover,　the　implementation　of　PRB　may　lead　to　a　significant　reduction　in　downstream　FA　concentrations,　with　a　decrease　of　40.90　%　compared　to　cases　where　only　cut-off　walls　are　employed.　Therefore,　the　proposed　Fe-Zeolite　PRB　system　may　serve　as　an　alternative　method　to　remedy　polluted　groundwater　by　landfill　leachate.　©　2024