The　elimination　of　U(VI)　from　acidic　nuclear　wastewater　is　important　for　solving　the　problems　in　environmental　and　energy　fields.　However,　the　adsorbents　used　for　U(VI)　extraction/removal　usually　undergo　the　issues　of　high　cost,　low　efficiency,　and　long　adsorption　time.　In　this　work,　surface-acidified　hydroxyapatite　(SAHAP)　powders　were　obtained　by　soaking　chicken　leg　bone　in　acetic　acid　combined　with　hydrothermal　treatment,　which　shows　super　fast　removal/extraction　capacity　of　U(VI)　from　the　solution.　The　surface　of　the　SAHAP　is　highly　acidified　by　large　quantities　of　hydrogen　phosphate　radicals.　The　characterization　and　mechanistic　investigations　indicate　that　the　U(VI)　substitute　with　Ca2+/H+　via　an　ion-exchange　related　monolayer　chemisorption　process.　At　room　temperature,　over　99　%　of　U(VI)　could　be　sequestrated　by　SAHAP　within　20　s　at　pH　4.0,　and　the　extraction　amount　could　reach　1270　mg/g.　Moreover,　the　SAHAP　shows　great　application　potential　in　the　removal/extraction　of　U(VI)　from　seawater,　and　25　mM　CO32-　ions　could　only　reduce　the　adsorption　ability　by　4.18　%　at　pH　4.0.　This　study　provides　a　new　approach　to　fabricating　adsorbents　for　highly　effective,　selective　and　low-cost　extraction　of　U(VI)　from　wastewater.　©　2024　Elsevier　Ltd