Neuromorphic　computing,　inspired　by　the　highly　interconnected　and　energy-efficient　way　the　human　brain　processes　information,　has　emerged　as　a　promising　technology　for　post-Moore’s　law　era.　This　emerging　technology　can　emulate　the　structures　and　the　functions　of　the　human　brain　and　is　expected　to　overcome　the　fundamental　limitation　of　the　current　von　Neumann　computing　architecture.　Neuromorphic　devices　stand　out　as　the　key　components　of　future　electronic　systems,　exhibiting　potential　in　shaping　the　landscape　of　neuromorphic　computing.　Especially,　nanowire　(NW)-based　neuromorphic　devices,　with　their　advantages　of　high　integration,　high-speed　computing,　and　low　power　consumption,　have　recently　emerged　as　candidates　for　neuromorphic　computing　technology.　Here,　a　critical　overview　of　the　current　development　and　relevant　research　in　the　field　of　NW-based　neuromorphic　devices　are　provided.　Neuromorphic　devices　based　on　different　NW　materials　are　comprehensively　discussed,　including　Ag　NW-based,　organic　NW-based,　metal　oxide　NW-based,　and　semiconductor　NW-based　devices.　Finally,　as　a　foresight　perspective,　the　potentials　and　the　challenges　of　these　NW-based　neuromorphic　devices　for　use　as　future　brain-like　electronics　are　discussed.　©　2024　American　Chemical　Society.