The　photocatalytic　H2O2　production　from　H2O　and　O2　over　covalent　organic　frameworks　(COFs)　is　a　promising　approach　to　achieve　solar-to-chemical　energy　conversion.　The　continuous　efforts　have　led　to　rapid　development　of　a　variety　of　COFs-based　photocatalysts　for　specific　H2O2　production,　while　the　corresponding　generalization　and　summarization　of　current　research　status　for　COFs　photocatalytic　H2O2　production　is　obviously　not　satisfactory.　In　this　review,　we　systematically　summarized　the　progress　and　challenges　of　COFs　in　photocatalytic　generation　of　H2O2.　Firstly,　we　introduced　the　basic　principles　of　photocatalytic　H2O2　production.　Then,　the　representative　work　on　photocatalytic　H2O2　generation　using　diversified　COFs　materials,　such　as　1D/2D/3D　COFs　and　COFs　composites　was　highlighted.　The　strategies　for　structure　and　property　optimization　of　COFs-based　photocatalysts　at　molecular-level　have　been　presented　for　improving　the　photocatalytic　performance,　and　also　discussed　the　reaction　mechanism　of　photocatalytic　H2O2　generation,　which　is　conducive　to　obtaining　valuable　understanding　for　specific　solar　to　chemical　energy　conversion.　Finally,　the　challenges　and　future　directions　provide　a　guidance　for　the　design　and　synthesis　of　COFs-based　photocatalytic　H2O2　production　system.　©　2024　Elsevier　Ltd