To　investigate　the　effects　of　ionic　emulsifiers　on　the　stabilization　of　emulsified　asphalt,　this　paper　used　the　Materials　Studio　software　package　to　model　a　two-layer　structure　consisting　of　asphalt-emulsifier-water-emulsifier-asphalt.　The　principles　of　molecular　dynamics　were　used　to　simulate　the　emulsified　asphalt　solution　with　various　types　of　ionic　emulsifier　molecules.　The　effects　of　the　anionic　(SDS)/cationic　(CTAB)　emulsifiers　on　the　stability　of　the　emulsified　asphalt　were　studied　and　compared.　The　following　performance　metrics　were　investigated:　the　interfacial　monolayer　morphology　of　the　emulsifier　molecules;　the　interaction　energy　between　the　emulsifier　molecules　and　the　water　molecules;　and　the　interaction　energy　between　the　emulsifier　molecules　and　the　asphalt　phase/water　phase.　The　results　showed　that,　compared　with　CTAB　emulsifier　molecules,　SDS　emulsifier　molecules　had　a　higher　extent　of　aggregation　in　the　emulsified　asphalt　model　system.　The　binding　ability　between　the　SDS　emulsifier　and　the　water　molecules　was　stronger　than　that　of　the　CTAB　emulsifier　molecules　and　negatively　affects　the　stability　of　emulsified　asphalt.　Compared　with　the　CTAB　emulsified　asphalt　system,　the　SDS　emulsified　asphalt　system　has　higher　binding　energy.　In　general,　the　stability　of　the　CTAB-emulsified　asphalt　system　is　better　than　that　of　the　SDS-emulsified　asphalt　system.