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Enhancing critical heat flux (CHF) and heat transfer coefficient (HTC) by promoting the nucleation, growth, and departure of boiling bubbles has drawn significant attention owing to its wide applications. However, in-depth understanding and comprehensive manipulation of under-liquid bubble dynamics from in situ microscale perspectives remain challenging. Herein, in situ observations and analyses of the microsized boiling bubbles of ultra-low surface tension fluorinated liquids (FLs) are conducted on the superaerophobic silicon surfaces with crisscross microchannels and selective nanowires. It is revealed that deep microchannels yet short nanowires enable ultrafast liquid spreading (<549.6 ms) and ultralow bubble adhesion (approximate to 1.1 N), while an appropriate spacing (240-600 mu m) between microchannels minimizes the bubble departure time (<20.6 ms) due to timely coalescence. By verifying the above bubble dynamics principles through the collaborative enhancement of CHF and HTC, an optimized structure (microchannel depth approximate to 52.9 m, microchannel spacing approximate to 362.9 mu m, nanowire length approximate to 0 nm) is obtained and further implemented onto the exposed Si surface of a commercial CPU chip. Cooled by phase-change of FLs, the average temperature of CPU maintains approximate to 64.9 degrees C even under extreme power loads (approximate to 130 W), far below than those in conventional air-cooling and water-cooling operations.
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ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
ISSN: 1616-301X
Year: 2025
Issue: 19
Volume: 35
1 8 . 5 0 0
JCR@2023
CAS Journal Grade:1
Cited Count:
WoS CC Cited Count: 3
SCOPUS Cited Count: 3
ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All
WanFang Cited Count:
Chinese Cited Count:
30 Days PV: 1