Amidst　the　rise　of　regional　military　conflicts　and　terrorist　activities,　explosive　attacks　have　emerged　as　a　significant　threat　to　critical　structures,　including　high-rise　buildings　and　bridges.　This　study　adopts　four　explosion　loads　from　authoritative　counter-terrorism　sources　and　uses　LS-DYNA　to　perform　numerical　simulations　of　explosive　events.　The　accuracy　of　the　numerical　simulations　is　initially　validated　against　field　test　results.　The　numerical　analysis　examines　various　explosion　locations,　typical　explosive　sources,　and　the　design　of　steel　jacket　reinforcement.　It　analyzes　the　impact　of　explosive　loading　on　the　horizontal　displacement　and　acceleration　response　of　double-column　piers　under　bridge-forming　conditions　and　examines　the　effectiveness　of　steel　jacket　reinforcement　in　mitigating　the　effects　of　explosive　loading　and　enhancing　protection　mechanisms.　Additionally,　a　parametric　study　is　conducted　to　explore　the　influence　of　steel　pipe　thickness　and　coverage　rate　on　the　explosive　response.　The　findings　reveal　that　as　the　explosion　location　shifts　from　the　outer　to　the　inner　side　of　the　double-column　pier,　the　response　and　damage　to　the　more　distant　columns　become　increasingly　severe.　The　application　of　20　mm　steel　pipe　protection　significantly　reduces　plastic　deformation　caused　by　explosions,　as　the　steel　pipes　help　absorb　the　explosive　energy.　While　increasing　steel　pipe　thickness　yields　only　marginal　improvements　in　blast　resistance,　reducing　the　steel　pipe　coverage　rate　significantly　enhances　protective　performance　and　mitigates　additional　concrete　damage　from　lateral　thrust.　©　2025　Elsevier　Ltd