Biomass-derived　hard　carbon,　despite　being　promising　for　anode　material　of　sodium-ion　batteries,　usually　suffer　from　low　initial　coulombic　efficiency　(ICE),　poor　rate　capacity,　and　limited　cycling　stability　caused　by　complex　surface　defects　and　low　intrinsic　conductivity.　Herein,　phosphorus-doped　porous　hard　carbon　(HC@PC−P)　were　synthesized　by　the　thermal　polymerization　of　soy　lecithin　on　the　surfaces　of　hard　carbon　derived　from　olive　kernels.　The　incorporation　of　heteroatom　phosphorus　in　the　porous　hard　carbon　framework　expands　the　carbon　lattice　spacing,　optimizes　the　graphitization　degree,　and　increases　electrical　conductivity,　guaranteeing　ensuring　rapid　electron　and　ion　transfer.　These　coupling　effects　enable　HC@PC−P　anode　to　achieve　a　high　reversible　capacity　of　350　mAh　g−1　at　0.1　A　g−1,　an　impressive　initial　coulombic　efficiency　of　89.6　%,　and　remarkable　long-term　cycling　stability　at　1　A　g−1　over　1000　cycles　with　negligible　capacity　fade.　The　mechanisms　behind　sodium　storage　and　enhanced　electrochemical　performance　were　elucidated　by　ex-situ　Raman　spectroscopy　and　kinetic　analysis.　Additionally,　the　assembled　HC@PC−P//Na3V2(PO4)3　full　cell　demonstrated　a　high　energy　density　of　257.9　Wh　kg−1.　This　work　provides　a　rational　guide　for　designing　advanced　hard　carbon　anode　materials　for　high-energy　sodium-ion　batteries.　©　2024　Wiley-VCH　GmbH.