Confronted　with　the　surge　in　information　volume,　ensuring　the　security　and　efficiency　of　information　transmission　is　crucial.　Therefore,　a　selective　encryption　strategy　is　necessary.　It　involves　pre-identifying　image　information　and　deciding　whether　to　encrypt　it　based　on　its　importance.　Given　the　low　efficiency　of　manual　identification,　there　is　an　urgent　need　to　develop　a　fast　and　efficient　image　recognition　module　to　ensure　the　effective　processing　of　decrypted　data.　However,　in　previous　studies,　encryption,　decryption,　and　image　recognition　are　implemented　by　separate　modules,　which　require　additional　circuit　connections　and　limit　system　flexibility.　This　study　proposes　a　photoelectric　memristor　based　on　MXene　quantum　dots　(MQDs)　that　exhibits　stable　volatile　and　nonvolatile　functions　under　electrical　control.　Using　this　multifunctional　device,　integrated　encryption,　decryption,　and　image　recognition　into　a　single　array,　achieving　the　desired　functions　through　programmed　control　of　light　and　electrical　signals,　thereby　increasing　device　utilization　by　100%.　Through　image　recognition　technology,　the　volume　of　data　that　needs　to　be　encrypted　is　reduced,　and　when　the　data　volume　is　reduced　to　30%　of　its　original　size,　the　information　transmission　speed　is　tripled.　This　neuromorphic　device　provides　an　effective　solution　for　achieving　an　efficient　and　energy-saving　encryption,　decryption,　and　recognition　system.