The　primary　objective　of　neoantigen　vaccines　is　to　elicit　a　robust　anti-tumor　immune　response　by　generating　neoantigen-specific　T　cells　that　can　eradicate　tumor　cells.　Despite　substantial　advancements　in　personalized　neoantigen　prediction　using　next-generation　sequencing,　machine　learning,　and　mass　spectrometry,　challenges　remain　in　efficiently　expanding　neoantigen-specific　T　cell　populations　in　vivo.　This　challenge　impedes　the　widespread　clinical　application　of　neoantigen　vaccines.　Nanovector-based　neoantigen　delivery　systems　have　emerged　as　a　promising　solutions　to　this　challenge.　These　nanovectors　offer　several　advantages,　such　as　enhanced　stability,　targeted　intracellular　delivery,　sustained　release,　and　improved　antigen-presenting　cell　(APC)　activation.　Notably,　they　effectively　deliver　various　neoantigen　vaccine　formulations　(DC　cell-based,　synthetic　long　peptide　(SLP)-based　or　DNA/mRNA-based)　to　APCs　or　T　cells,　thereby　activating　both　CD4+　T　and　CD8+　T　cells.　This　ultimately　induces　a　specific　anti-tumor　immune　response.　This　review　focuses　on　recent　innovations　in　neoantigen　vaccine　delivery　vectors.　We　aim　to　identify　optimal　design　parameters　for　vectors　tailored　to　different　neoantigen　vaccine　types,　with　an　emphasis　on　enhancing　the　tumor　microenvironment　and　stimulating　the　production　of　neoantigen-specific　cytotoxic　T　cells.　By　maximizing　the　potential　of　these　delivery　systems,　we　aim　to　accelerate　the　clinical　translation　of　neoantigen　nanovaccines　and　advance　cancer　immunotherapy.