The　increasing　global　incidence　of　lung　cancer,　which　now　ranks　first　among　all　cancer　types,　along　with　the　highest　risk　of　lung　cancer　mortality　in　East　Asia　and　the　narrowing　gender　gap　in　incidence　since　the　turn　of　the　century,　presents　a　significant　and　growing　public　health　concern　in　Chinese　cities.　This　research　investigated　how　greenness　affects　the　relationships　between　the　incidence　of　lung　cancer　and　PM1,　PM2.5　and　PM10　concentrations　via　a　linear　mixed　model　(LMM)　and　a　generalized　linear　mixed　model　(GLMM).　The　findings　revealed　that　particulate　matter　was　associated　with　increased　incidence　of　lung　cancer,　with　the　most　substantial　changes　observed　for　PM1　(4.92),　followed　by　PM2.5　(4.57)　and　PM10　(4.22).　Our　study　also　revealed　that　counties　with　higher　levels　of　greenness　experienced　a　decrease　in　the　incidence　of　lung　cancer　among　both　males　and　females　compared　with　counties　with　lower　greenness　levels,　suggesting　a　protective　effect　of　greenness　against　lung　cancer.　The　joint　associational　analysis　of　particulate　matter　and　NDVI　greenness　revealed　elevated　RRs　of　lung　cancer　incidence　(male:　33　%　for　PM1,　40　%　for　PM2.5,　30　%　for　PM10;　female:　43　%　for　PM1,　51　%　for　PM2.5,　42　%　for　PM10)　in　high　particulate　matter　and　low　greenness　(the　highest-impacted　group)　relative　to　those　exposed　to　low　particulate　matter　and　high　greenness　(the　least-impacted　group).　The　moderating　role　of　greenness　was　stronger　in　females　than　in　males　(PM1:　RERIfemale　=　0.106;　PM2.5:　RERIfemale　=　0.208,　RERImale　=　0.043;　and　PM10:　RERIfemale　=　0.139,　RERImale　=　0.017)　and　more　pronounced　in　areas　with　medium　greenness　than　in　those　with　high　greenness.　These　findings　remained　consistent　in　the　smoking-adjusted　and　region-adjusted　models　and　with　an　alternative　index　of　the　lung　cancer　mortality　rate　and　greenness.　These　findings　underscored　the　importance　of　urban　greenness　in　the　development　of　healthy　cities.　©　2025　Turkish　National　Committee　for　Air　Pollution　Research　and　Control