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author:

Li, Y. (Li, Y..) [1] | Lin, X. (Lin, X..) [2] | Liu, Q. (Liu, Q..) [3] | Zheng, N. (Zheng, N..) [4] | Tan, J. (Tan, J..) [5] | Zhan, M. (Zhan, M..) [6]

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Abstract:

Traditional muscle strength training instruments often rely on torque-based feedback to guide exercises, which can introduce delays in system response and result in discomfort due to hysteresis effects. To overcome the lag in torque-based muscle strength training instruments, surface electromyography (sEMG) signals were used as control inputs. The sEMG is generated 20-80ms before movement, which is called muscle electromechanical delay. If the torque can be effectively predicted during this period, the lag effect can be significantly reduced, thus improving the effectiveness and comfort of training. Therefore, we proposed a multi-step ahead (MSA) model based on the nonlinear autoregressive network with exogenous inputs (NARX) dynamic recurrent neural network. It predicted torques using sEMG, allowed natural control of the instrument. The results showed that normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) was lower than 0.1167, and the Pearson correlation coefficients (ρ) exceeded 0.9444, even when the ahead steps achieved 35. The intra-subject and the inter-subject validation demonstrated significantly lower NRMSE (p < 0.05) and higher ρ (p < 0.05) of the MSA model, compared with some state-of-the-art recursive models and typical models without autoregression items. It proves that the MSA can accurately predict the motion. Meanwhile, the introduction of the sEMG signal as a control source significantly reduced the root mean square jerk (RMSJ) of the torque, demonstrating smoother motion. The experimental results revealed that the one-step-ahead model achieved an average response time of 3.73 ms, which is markedly lower than the muscle electromechanical delay. And the response time increased by an average of approximately 0.068 ms per additional ahead step. In conclusion, the proposed EMG-driven muscle strength training instrument enables natural muscle strength training.  © 2025 IEEE.

Keyword:

muscle strength training instrument neural network nonlinear autoregressive network with exogenous inputs (NARX) surface electromyography torque prediction

Community:

  • [ 1 ] [Li Y.]Fuzhou University, School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
  • [ 2 ] [Lin X.]Fuzhou University, School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
  • [ 3 ] [Liu Q.]Fuzhou University, School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
  • [ 4 ] [Zheng N.]Fuzhou University, School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
  • [ 5 ] [Tan J.]Fuzhou University, School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
  • [ 6 ] [Zhan M.]Fuzhou University, School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China

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IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement

ISSN: 0018-9456

Year: 2025

5 . 6 0 0

JCR@2023

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ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All

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30 Days PV: 0

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