Compared　to　copper　sulfide　minerals　with　good　floatability　in　copper　ore　beneficiation,　copper　oxide　minerals　exhibit　poor　floatability　but　increasing　reserves　as　refractory　copper　resources.　Sulfidation　of　copper　oxide　minerals　by　adding　Na2S　into　the　pulp　is　a　common　strategy　to　increase　their　floatability.　In　this　work,　sulfidation　roasting　as　a　pretreatment　method　was　proposed　to　increase　the　floatability　of　malachite　using　xanthate　as　the　collector.　Roasting　was　conducted　at　500–600°C　for　3–120　min　using　pyrite　as　the　sulfur　source　and　coal　to　control　oxygen　partial　pressure　(PO2),　which　plays　a　crucial　role　in　sulfidation　reactions.　Thermodynamic　factors　and　experimental　observations,　including　roasting　product　characterization　and　roasting　kinetics　analysis,　were　considered　to　optimize　the　roasting　parameters　with　minimized　energy　and　material　consumption.　It　was　found　that　84.5%　flotation　recovery　can　be　achieved　by　roasting　malachite　at　500°C　for　6　min.　Microanalysis　shows　that　sulfidation　occurs　homogeneously　across　the　bulk　particle　because　of　porous　structure　of　the　raw　mineral.　The　SO2　gas　species,　as　a　pyrite　oxidation　product　and　sulfur　carrier　in　the　roasting　system,　diffuse　into　malachite　mineral　particles　and　sulfidize　copper　oxide　to　chalcocite　and　digenite.　©　The　Minerals,　Metals　&　Materials　Society　2025.