Buildings　serve　as　the　principal　component　of　urban　safety　and　the　carrier　of　urban　functions.　With　the　development　of　economy,　various　kinds　of　buildings　(e.g.,　public,　commercial,　etc.)　have　been　built　to　satisfy　the　demands　of　social　production,　of　human　living,　and　so　forth.　The　collapse　of　buildings　initiated　by　earthquake　disasters　and　accidental　events　will　result　in　severe　casualties,　economic　loss,　and　adverse　social　repercussions.　In　recent　years,　various　collapse　incidents　have　continued　to　occur,　revealing　numerous　hidden　dangers　in　the　collapse　resistance　of　existing　buildings.　Hence,　more　and　more　scholars　start　to　pay　attention　to　the　collapse　of　building　structures.　Via　theory,　experiment,　and　numerical　simulation,　significant　progress　has　been　achieved　in　the　area　of　collapse　resistance　of　building　structures.　The　impact　and　challenges　of　the　Wenchuan　earthquake　on　the　research　on　structural　resistance　against　earthquake-induced　collapse　and　seismic　design　codes　are　first　reviewed.　The　development　of　structural　anti-collapse　design　is　teased　out,　and　the　inspiration　and　impact　of　recent　collapse　events　and　extreme　earthquakes　on　existing　design　methods　and　theory　are　discussed.　A　literature　review　is　thusly　conducted　to　discuss　the　development　and　key　scientific　issues　in　the　field　of　anti-collapse　research.　Current　status　of　structural　anti-collapse　research　is　summarized　from　the　following　aspects,　including　building　collapse　computation　models,　design　theory,　anti-collapse　performance　requirements/acceptance　levels,　collapse　research　on　different　types　of　buildings,　and　building　codes　for　anti-collapse　design.　Summarized　are　future　directions　for　the　development　of　anti-collapse　research　and　engineering　practices,　including　the　evolution　of　anti-collapse　design　theory　for　new　structures,　the　innovation　in　computational　models,　the　development　of　collapse　models　under　complex　loads,　and　the　refinement　of　standards　and　specifications.　©　2025　Tsinghua　University.　All　rights　reserved.