The　1,000-m　run　is　a　key　component　of　university　physical　fitness　assessments.　Effective　supplementation　strategies　to　enhance　performance　and　recovery　in　this　test　remain　underexplored.　This　study　aimed　to　evaluate　the　effects　of　caffeine　(CAF)　and　beetroot　juice　(BJ)　on　1,000-m　performance　and　used　SHapley　Additive　exPlanations　(SHAP)　analysis　to　identify　key　influencing　factors.　A　randomized　crossover　design　compared　the　effects　of　CAF　(6　mg/kg　body　weight),　BJ　(70　mL　providing　6.4　mmol　of　(Formula　presented.)　),　and　their　combination　with　placebo　(PLA)　on　1,000-m　running　performance.　Twenty　healthy　male　participants　took　part　in　the　study.　Physiological,　nutritional,　and　behavioral　data　were　collected　during　each　condition.　SHAP　analysis　of　a　multilayer　perceptron　model　quantified　the　relative　importance　of　various　performance　determinants,　providing　a　clear　assessment　of　their　contribution　to　the　outcome.　The　CAF　+　BJ　group　performed　significantly　better　than　PLA　(p　＜.01)　in　the　first　1,000-m　run　and　outperformed　both　PLA　and　BJ　in　the　second　run　(p　＜.01).　Performance　declined　after　recovery　in　BJ　(p　＜.01)　and　PLA　(p　＜.01)　but　improved　in　CAF　+　BJ　(p　＜.01).　Post-exercise　heart　rate　and　blood　lactate　were　highest　in　CAF　+　BJ　and　CAF,　with　CAF　showing　significantly　higher　lactate　levels　at　10,　15,　and　20　min　post-exercise　compared　to　CAF　+　BJ　(p　＜.01).　SHAP　analysis　ranked　body　fat　percentage　＞　weight　＞　age　＞　nighttime　sleep　duration　＞　nutritional　strategy　＞　average　vertical　jump　height　＞　grip　strength　＞　resting　heart　rate　＞　time　since　last　meal　＞　alcohol　consumption　＞　height　＞　smoking　frequency.　This　study　suggests　that　CAF　and　BJ　supplementation　may　improve　1,000-m　performance.　SHAP　analysis　introduced　a　novel　framework　for　identifying　key　factors,　offering　insights　for　targeted　interventions.　Tailored　dietary　supplement　strategies　that　address　critical　physiological　and　lifestyle　factors　are　important.　Combining　supplementation　with　these　approaches　can　further　enhance　performance　and　recovery.　©　The　Author(s)　2025.