Heavy　metal　contamination　in　water　threatens　human　health　and　ecological　security,　necessitating　efficient　and　sustainable　remediation　technologies.　Adsorption　is　a　widely　used　method　due　to　its　cost-effectiveness,　high　selectivity,　and　ease　of　operation.　Among　various　adsorbents,　conjugated　microporous　polymers　(CMPs)　have　shown　great　potential　for　heavy　metal　removal,　benefiting　from　their　π-conjugated　structures,　high　surface　area,　tunable　pore　sizes,　and　strong　metal　ion　interactions.　However,　challenges　remain　in　synthesis　and　material　properties.　Extensive　postsynthetic　modifications　may　introduce　structural　complexity　and　compromise　adsorption　performance,　while　excessive　functionalization　can　lead　to　pore　blockage,　reducing　available　adsorption　sites.　Additionally,　inadequate　distribution　or　low　grafting　density　of　chelating　groups　may　weaken　metal　ion　binding.　Further　challenges　include　enhancing　selectivity,　developing　eco-friendly　regeneration　methods,　improving　stability　in　complex　environments,　and　achieving　large-scale　production.　Addressing　these　issues　requires　optimizing　synthetic　strategies,　precisely　incorporating　functional　groups,　and　improving　pore　structure　control.　This　review　summarizes　recent　advances　in　CMP-based　heavy　metal　adsorption,　discusses　adsorption　mechanisms　and　structural　optimization,　and　identifies　future　research　directions　to　advance　their　practical　application　in　water　purification.　©　2025　Wiley-VCH　GmbH.