To　adapt　the　demands　of　the　high-speed　and　real-time　dynamic　measurements,　a　linear　array　sensor　(LAS)　and　projection　fringe-based　vision　system　was　proposed　to　measure　the　radial　vibration　of　rotating　shaft.　The　projection　lamp　projects　fringe　pattern　onto　the　surface　of　the　shaft,　and　the　LAS　captures　the　modulated　fringe　sequences　for　tracking　the　vibration　signal　using　a　proposed　fringe　signal　processing　method.　Simulations　using　3-D　software　were　carried　out　first　to　verify　the　feasibility　of　the　method,　and　the　performance　of　the　system　was　analyzed　and　investigated　by　simulations　and　experiments.　In　the　experiments,　the　proposed　system　and　the　eddy　current　sensor　(ECS)-based　system　were　employed　to　simultaneously　measure　the　shaft　vibration　under　constant　and　variable　rotating　speed　conditions　for　comparison.　The　result　showed　that　the　system　can　measure　the　radial　vibration　of　the　rotating　shaft　accurately　using　1-D　fringe　signal.　The　LAS-based　system　has　the　advantages　of　high　accuracy,　low　cost,　and　small　data　for　processing,　which　makes　it　suitable　for　vibration　monitoring　and　fault　diagnosis　for　rotating　shaft.