Through　the　surface　modification　of　graphene　nanoparticles　(GNPs)　by　ethyl　cellulose　(EC),　combined　with　solution　ultrasonic　dispersion　and　wet　ball　milling,　GNPs　and　aluminum　matrix　were　uniformly　mixed　and　GNPs　damage　was　suppressed.　Then,　highly　wear-resistant　GNPs/AlSi10Mg　composites　were　prepared　by　the　suppression　of　interfacial　reaction　through　rapid　sintering　with　discharge　plasma.　The　microstructure　and　wear-resistant　properties　of　GNPs/AlSi10Mg　composites　were　characterized　and　analyzed　by　scanning　electron　microscope,　transmission　electron　microscope　and　friction　testing　machine.　The　results　show　that　moderate　addition　of　GNPs　can　effectively　improve　the　mechanical　properties　of　the　composites.　When　the　addition　amount　of　GNPs　is　0.5wt%,　the　wear　rate　and　coefficient　of　friction　of　the　composites　are　the　lowest,　which　are　7.8×10-4　mm3/(N·m)　and　0.417,　respectively.　The　wear　rate　is　reduced　by　28.4%　compared　with　that　of　the　matrix　material　(10.9×10-4　mm3·N-1·m-1).　The　wear　mechanism　of　GNPs/AlSi10Mg　composites　is　mainly　abrasive　wear,　accompanied　by　slight　oxidative　wear　and　adhesive　wear.　During　the　friction　process,　when　the　composite　specimen　is　in　contact　with　the　dyad,　GNPs　emerge　on　the　surface　to　form　a　thin　film　under　the　action　of　shear　force,　which　can　be　used　as　a　lubricant　to　reduce　the　contact　point　between　the　dyad　and　the　matrix,　preventing　excessive　spalling　and　delamination　and　thereby　protecting　the　matrix.　©　2025　Science　Press.　All　rights　reserved.