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Sodium metal as the anodes for sodium metal batteries (SMBs) possess several advantages, including high theoretical capacity, high abundance and low-cost, which make SMBs formidable contenders for constructing alternative batteries to lithium-based ones. However, the presence of an undesirable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) between Na metal and liquid electrolyte can result in sluggish Na ion transfer kinetics, substantial consumption of electrolyte, and dendrite growth issues, particularly at ultra-low temperatures. To address these challenges, a three-dimensional (3D) artificial protection layer composed of Na3Bi and NaF (NBF) on the Na anode surface is successfully fabricated through a simple in-situ reaction. Both theoretical and experimental findings demonstrate that this artificial protection layer exhibits strong sodiophilicity, enhanced ionic conductivity, excellent and electronic insulation property, which can effectively suppress the continuous electrolyte decomposition. As a result, at low operating temperatures (-30 degrees C), such an NBF symmetric cell achieves a long cycle life of over 1400 h (0.1 mA cm-2@ 0.1 mAh cm-2). And the electrochemical performance of NBF is exceptional when it is utilized as the anodes in symmetric cells, demonstrating a cycle-life exceeding 2390 h at 0.5 mA cm-2@0.5 mAh cm-2, and also in sodium metal full cells at 5C, exhibiting over 2000 cycles. Therefore, the results provide support for the possibility of utilizing the artificial protection layer in developing a safeguarding coating for sodium metal anodes.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
ISSN: 1385-8947
Year: 2025
Volume: 517
1 3 . 4 0 0
JCR@2023
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ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All
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30 Days PV: 3
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