Nanodrug　delivery　systems　(NDDSs)　have　demonstrated　broad　application　prospects　in　disease　treatment,　prevention,　and　diagnosis　due　to　their　nanoscale　size　advantages　and　high　drug-loading　capacity.　However,　their　clinical　translation　still　faces　multiple　challenges,　including　rapid　clearance　by　the　reticuloendothelial　system　(RES),　nonspecific　targeting,　and　insufficient　efficiency　in　crossing　biological　barriers.　Cell　membrane-coated　biomimetic　delivery　systems　(CMC-BDS),　which　integrates　natural　cell　membranes　onto　nanoparticle　(NPs)　surfaces,　provides　nanodrugs　with　a　versatile　＂biomimetic　cloak,＂　representing　a　highly　promising　surface　engineering　strategy.　This　approach　enables　nanocarriers　to　inherit　the　intrinsic　biological　properties　of　different　cell　sources,　endowing　them　with　immune　evasion,　prolonged　circulation,　dynamic　targeting,　biocompatibility,　and　biodegradability,　while　supporting　the　integration　of　diverse　biomedical　functions.　Furthermore,　surface　functionalization　modifications　can　enhance　their　programmability,　multifunctionality,　and　biointerface　adaptability,　thereby　optimizing　targeted　delivery　efficiency　and　extending　in　vivo　circulation　time.　This　review　first　outlines　the　development　and　key　preparation　steps　of　cell　membrane　coating　technology.　It　then　discusses　the　selection　strategies　for　various　cell　membrane　types-including　leukocyte,　erythrocyte,　platelet,　dendritic　cell,　tumor　cell,　and　bacterial　membranes-while　comparing　their　respective　advantages　and　limitations.　Finally,　the　review　highlights　recent　advances　in　applying　cell　membrane-coated　nanoparticles　(CMC-NPs)　for　treating　tumors,　ischemic　stroke,　and　inflammatory　diseases.