Experimental Demonstration of Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking with Emergent Multiqubit Entanglement - Details

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Spontaneous　symmetry　breaking　(SSB)　is　crucial　to　the　occurrence　of　phase　transitions.　Once　a　phase　transition　occurs,　a　quantum　system　presents　degenerate　eigenstates　that　lack　the　symmetry　of　the　Hamiltonian.　After　crossing　the　critical　point,　the　system　is　essentially　evolved　to　a　quantum　superposition　of　these　eigenstates　until　decoherence　sets　in.　Despite　the　fundamental　importance　and　potential　applications　in　quantum　technologies,　such　quantum-mechanical　SSB　phenomena　have　not　been　experimentally　explored　in　many-body　systems.　We　here　present　an　experimental　demonstration　of　the　SSB　process　in　the　Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick　model,　governed　by　the　competition　between　the　individual　driving　and　intraqubit　interaction.　The　model　is　realized　in　a　circuit　quantum　electrodynamics　system,　where　6　Xmon　qubits　are　coupled　in　an　all-to-all　manner　through　virtual　photon　exchange　mediated　by　a　resonator.　The　observed　nonclassical　correlations　among　these　qubits　in　the　symmetry-breaking　region　go　beyond　the　conventional　description　of　SSB,　shedding　new　light　on　phase　transitions　for　quantum　many-body　systems.　　©　2025　American　Physical　Society.

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[ 1 ] [Zheng R.-H.]Fujian Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optics, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China
[ 2 ] [Ning W.]Fujian Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optics, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China
[ 3 ] [Lü J.-H.]Fujian Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optics, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China
[ 4 ] [Yu X.-J.]Fujian Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optics, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China
[ 5 ] [Wu F.]Fujian Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optics, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China
[ 6 ] [Deng C.-L.]Institute of Physics, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
[ 7 ] [Deng C.-L.]CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
[ 8 ] [Yang Z.-B.]Fujian Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optics, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China
[ 9 ] [Yang Z.-B.]Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China
[ 10 ] [Xu K.]Institute of Physics, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
[ 11 ] [Xu K.]CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
[ 12 ] [Xu K.]Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China
[ 13 ] [Zheng D.]Institute of Physics, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
[ 14 ] [Zheng D.]CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
[ 15 ] [Zheng D.]Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China
[ 16 ] [Fan H.]Institute of Physics, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
[ 17 ] [Fan H.]CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
[ 18 ] [Fan H.]Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China
[ 19 ] [Zheng S.-B.]Fujian Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optics, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China
[ 20 ] [Zheng S.-B.]Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China

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Physical Review Letters

ISSN： 0031-9007

Year： 2025

Issue： 15

Volume： 134

8 . 1 0 0

JCR@2023

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ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List： 0 Unfold All

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30 Days PV： 3

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