Nautilus　pompilius,　a　‘living　fossil’　of　the　oceans,　is　crucial　to　the　study　of　biological　evolution　and　paleontology.　However,　the　species’　habitat　has　been　severely　impacted　by　global　climate　change.　Based　on　this,　species　distribution　models　and　conservation　gap　analyses　were　conducted　under　current　and　future　climate　scenarios.　The　results　revealed　that　the　current　habitats　for　N.　pompilius　were　primarily　located　in　the　coastal　waters　of　Australia,　Indonesia,　and　the　Philippines.　Under　the　Representative　Concentration　Pathway　(RCP)　4.5　scenario,　suitable　habitat　is　projected　to　decline　by　4.8%　in　the　2050s　and　5.3%　in　2100s.　This　loss　is　expected　to　intensify　under　higher　emission　scenarios,　particularly　RCP　8.5,　where　the　reduction　could　reach　15.4%　in　the　2100s.　Conservation　gap　analysis　indicates　that　while　nearly　30%　of　suitable　habitats　fall　within　marine　protected　areas　(MPAs),　many　vulnerable　regions　remain　unprotected.　Future　MPA　establishment　should　strategically　address　these　conservation　gaps,　particularly　in　coastal　waters　such　as　the　Gulf　of　Carpentaria,　the　Arafura　Sea,　and　the　southern　edge　of　the　Timor　Sea.　This　study　provides　critical　insights　into　the　distribution　patterns　and　conservation　needs　of　N.　pompilius,　emphasizing　the　urgent　need　for　targeted　conservation　efforts　to　protect　this　endangered　species.　©　2025　by　the　authors.