To　investigate　the　axial　compression　performances　of　precast　concrete　columns　with　a　novel　steel　connection,　axial　compression　tests　were　carried　out　on　14　specimens.　The　effects　of　four　different　forms　of　the　steel　connections　on　the　failure　modes　and　axial　compression　performance　of　the　specimens　were　studied,　respectively.　Furthermore,　the　influences　of　the　cross-sectional　area　and　the　anchorage　length　of　the　steel　connections　on　the　specimens　were　explored.　The　columns　with　both　studs　and　anchor　plates　exhibit　good　axial　compression　stiffness,　bearing　capacity,　and　ductility.　For　specimens　with　neither　studs　nor　anchor　plates　on　the　steel　connection,　the　yield　loads　decrease　by　1.8%–5.2%.　Increasing　the　cross-sectional　area　of　the　steel　connection　can　significantly　improve　the　axial　compression　bearing　capacity　of　the　columns,　but　has　a　negligible　effect　on　the　initial　axial　compression　stiffness.　Within　the　range　of　cross-sectional　dimensions　discussed　in　this　test,　the　yield　load　has　increased　by　up　to　31.5%.　In　addition,　a　verified　numerical　model　of　the　column　was　established　and　further　analysis　was　conducted.　The　studs　and　anchor　plates　can　effectively　ensure　that　the　steel　connections　are　well　anchored　in　the　concrete　under　axial　compression.　For　the　column　with　both　studs　and　anchor　plates,　the　exposed　steel　connection　serves　as　the　axial　compression　control　section,　and　the　failure　of　the　column　under　axial　compression　is　the　compressive　yield　of　the　steel　connection.　Lastly,　the　axial　compressive　bearing　capacity　of　the　column　was　calculated　by　the　equation.　Copyright　©　2025　Guo,　Li,　Chen,　Guo,　Fu　and　Li.