In　geotechnical　engineering,　rock　bolts　are　commonly　used　for　reinforcement,　while　the　surrounding　rock　mass　bears　varying　degrees　of　shear　loads.　The　shear　rate　affects　the　stability　of　bolted　rock　joints,　especially　in　projects　susceptible　to　dynamic　shear　loads.　In　laboratory　experiments,　fully-grouted　bolts　and　energy-absorbing　bolts　were　used　as　research　objects,　and　artificial　rock　specimens　with　rough　joints　were　fabricated　to　analyze　the　shear　characteristics　and　damage　mechanisms　of　bolted　rock　joints　under　cyclic　shear　conditions　and　different　shear　velocities.　The　results　showed　that　as　the　shear　rate　increased,　the　shear　strength　of　bolted　rock　joint　specimens　decreased.　Degradation　of　asperities　resulted　in　no　obvious　peak　shear　stress　in　the　specimens.　Energy-absorbing　bolts　exhibited　greater　deformation　capacity,　with　significant　necking　phenomena　and　the　ability　to　withstand　larger　shear　displacements.　In　contrast,　fully-grouted　bolts,　which　have　threaded　surfaces　that　provide　higher　bonding　performance,　exhibited　a　reduced　capacity　for　plastic　deformation　and　were　prone　to　breaking　under　smaller　shear　displacements.　Although　the　shear　stiffness　of　specimens　reinforced　by　energy-absorbing　bolts　was　slightly　lower　than　that　of　fully-grouted　bolt　specimens,　they　demonstrated　greater　stability　under　various　shear　rates.　The　absorbed　shear　energy　showed　that　energy-absorbing　bolts　had　superior　coordinated　deformation　capabilities,　thus　exhibiting　greater　absorbed　shear　energy　than　fully-grouted　bolts.　Overall,　fully-grouted　bolts　are　more　suitable　for　projects　requiring　higher　rock　shear　strength　and　overall　stiffness.　In　contrast,　energy-absorbing　bolts　are　more　suitable　for　coping　with　dynamic　or　fluctuating　load　conditions　to　maintain　the　relative　stability　of　jointed　rock　masses.　©　2025　Institute　of　Rock　and　Soil　Mechanics,　Chinese　Academy　of　Sciences